Who told the newspapers about the prime minister's plans? It must have been someone close to him. We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened. This page focuses on making deductions about the past. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility. We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. Modals – deduction (past): Grammar test 1 How did she fail that exam? She can't have studied very much. We don't know for sure that Alex broke the coffee table. You might have fallen off and been badly can't have known it was your birthday.Look at these examples to see how must, might, may, could, can't and couldn't are used in the past.Īn earthquake? That must have been terrifying! She must have already left the shouldn't have tried to fix the roof yourself. You should have apologised for saying she was has forgotton about the meeting.Ĥ We should have reminded him about it 'm sorry but Samantha isn't here. Someone must have stolen was very upset with you yesterday. I think he might have left my bicycle in front of the library and it's disappeared. He doesn't have any did no revision for the exam but he's passed. There might have been an accident or maybe a can't have bought a new car. The meeting can't have been must have been so happy when she found out she was being had to wait 45 minutes for a bus yesterday. You really should have boss is in a terrible mood. It's only a 20 minute concert was fantastic. He'll never forgive must have arrived by now.
She passed all her exams with excellent grades.ģ 2 You shouldn't have shouted at him. Otherwise, I'm sure he would have wished you a happy Now write some examples of your by Bob Wilson Robert Clifford McNair Wilson 2013 Answers1 She must have studied really hard. You might have fallen off and been badly. reminded him about it 'm sorry but Samantha isn't here. apologised for saying she was has forgotton about the meeting. stolen was very upset with you yesterday. left my bicycle in front of the library and it's disappeared. bought a new car.Ģ He doesn't have any did no revision for the exam but he's passed. been so happy when she found out she was being had to wait 45 minutes for a bus yesterday. She passed all her exams with excellent grades. 1 past Modal Verbs of Deduction ExerciseShe must have gone out-There is strong might have made a mistake -There is a possibility that I made a can't have been 's should have apologised-A criticismYou shouldn't have said criticismA Fill the gaps with must have, might have or can't.
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